The Real Number System

Exercise Set 2

In exercises 1 and 2, graph each number on a real number line
1. `-4`; `-2`; `7/4`; `2.5` 2. `-3.5`; `0`; `3`; `9/4`
In exercises 3 to 14, replace the `square` with the appropriate symbol (` < `, `=`, or ` > `).
3. `5/2 square 4` 4. `-3/2 square -3` 5. `2/3 square 0.6666` 6. `1/5 square 0.2`
7. `1.75 square 2.23` 8. `1.25 square 1.3` 9. `0.bar36 square 4/11` 10. `0.4 square 4/9`
11. `10/5 square 2` 12. `0/2 square -0/5` 13. `pi square 3.14159` 14. `22/7 square pi`
In exercises 15 to 26, graph each inequality and write the inequality using interval notation.
15. `3 < x < 5` 16. `-2 <= x < 1` 17. `x < 3` 18. `x >= 4`
19. `x >= 0` and `x < 3` 20. `x > -4` and `x <= 4` 21. `x < -3` or `x >= 2` 22. `x <= 2` or `x > 3`
23. `x > 3` and `x < 4` 24. `x > -5` or `x < 1` 25. `x <= 3` and `x > -1` 26. `x < 5` and `x <= 2`
In exercises 27 to 38, graph each interval and write each interval as an inequality.
27. `[-4,1]` 28. `[-2,3)` 29. `(1,5)` 30. `(1,4]`
31. `[2.5,oo)` 32. `(-oo,3]` 33. `(-oo,2)` 34. `(pi,oo)`
35. `(-oo,2]uu(3,oo)` 36. `(-oo,1)uu(4,oo)` 37. `(-oo,3)uu(3,oo)` 38. `(-oo,1)uu[2,oo)`
In exercises 39 to 46, use the given notation or graph to supply the notation or graph that is marked with a question mark.
Inequality Notation Interval Notation Graph
39. `x <= 3` ? ?
40. ? `(-2,oo)` ?
41. ? ?
42. `-3 <= x < -1` ? ?
43. ? `[1,4]` ?
44. ? ?
45. ? `[-2,pi)` ?
46. `x < 2 \ \ \ \ \ ` or ` \ \ \ \ \ x >= 4` ? ?
In exercises 47 to 60, write each expression without absolute value symbols.
47. `|4|` 48. `|-8|`
49. `|-27.4|` 50. `|3|-|-7|`
51. `-|-3|-|8|` 52. `|4| |-8|`
53. `|y^2+10|` 54. `|x^2+1|`
55. `|-1-pi|` 56. `|x+6|+|x-2|`, given `0 < x < 1`
57. `|x-4|+|x+5|`, given `2 < x < 3` 58. `|x+1|+|x-3|`, given `x > 5`
59. `|(x+7)/(|x|+|x-1|)|`, given `0 < x < 1` 60. `|(x+3)/(|x-1/2|+|x+1/2|)|`, given `0 < x < 0.2`
In exercises 61 to 72, find the distance between the points whose coordinates are given.
61. `8,1` 62. `-2,-7` 63. `-3,5` 64. `-5,8`
65. `16,-34` 66. `-108,22` 67. `-38,-5` 68. `pi,3`
69. `-pi,3` 70. `1/7,-1/2` 71. `1/3,3/4` 72. `0,-8`
In exercises 73 to 80, use absolute value notation to describe the given expression.
73. Distance between `a` and `2` 74. Distance between `b` and `-7`
75. `d(m,n)` 76. `d(p,-8)`
77. The distance between `a` and `4` is less than `z`. 78. The distance between `z` and `5` is greater than `4`.
79. The distance between `x` and `-2` is less than `7`. 80. The distance between `y` and `-3` is greater than `6`.
In exercises 81 to 84, write interval notation for the given expression.
81. `x` is a real number and `x!=3`. 82. `x` is a real number whose square is nonnegative.
83. `x` is a real number whose absolute value is less than `3`. 84. `x` is a real number whose absolute value is greater than `2`.
In exercises 85 to 87, determine whether each statement is true or false.
85. `|x|` is a positive number.
86. `|-y|=y`
87. If `m < 0`, then `|m|=-m`.
88. For any two different real numbers `x` and `y`, the smaller of the two numbers is given by
`1/2(x+y-|x-y|)`

Verify the statement given for
a. `x=5` and `y=8` b. `x=-2` and `y=7` c. `x=-4` and `y=-7`
89. Prove the expression in Exercise 88 yields the smaller of the numbers `x` and `y`. Hint:Evaluate the expression for the two cases
`x > y \ \ \ \ \ ` and ` \ \ \ \ \ x < y`
90. The inequality `|a+b| <= |a|+|b|` is called the triangle inequality. For what values of `a` and `b` does
`|a+b|=|a|+|b|`